Gerund dan Gerund Phrase: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat

Soal Gerund vs. Infinitive

Pengertian Gerund

Gerund adalah suatu kata yang dibentuk dari verb (kata kerja) dengan ditambahkan akhiran -ing dan berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda), sedangkan gerund phrase adalah frasa yang terdiri dari gerund, object, dan/atau modifier.

Modifier sendiri merupakan kata, frasa, atau clause yang berfungsi sebagai adjective (kata sifat) atau adverb (kata keterangan) yang menerangkan kata atau kelompok kata lain, dalam hal ini, gerund.

Gerund memang berfungsi sebagai noun, namun di dalam frasanya, kata tersebut masih berperilaku seperti verb, misalnya diikuti direct object jika gerund dibentuk dari transitive verb atau dapat disertai modifier seperti adverb (kata keterangan) dan prepositional phrase.

Contoh Gerund Phrase

cleaning kitchen cabinets (membersihkan lemari dapur)
- cleaning = gerund
- kitchen cabinets = direct object
his singing (nyanyiannya)
- his = modifier (possessive adjective)
- singing = gerund

working together (bekerja bersama)
- working = gerund
- together = modifier (adverb)
getting the best score in math (mendapatkan nilai terbaik di matematika)
- getting = gerund
- the best score = direct object dari verb “get”
- in math = modifier (prepositional phrase)

Gerund merupakan verbal, yaitu kata yang dibentuk dari kata kerja, namun berfungsi sebagai part of speech lain. Verbal yang lain yaitu infinitive (to + verb) dan participle (-ing/-ed form).

contoh kalimat Bahasa Inggris gerund phrase dan artinya: Building a sandcastle on the beach is a cherished childhood activity for many.(Membangun istana pasir di pantai adalah aktivitas masa kecil membahagiakan bagi banyak orang.) — contoh kalimat Bahasa Inggris gerund phrase dan artinya

Penggunaan Gerund (Phrase)

subject of sentence
- Binging is a phase frequently done by a bulimic.
  (Binging adalah fase yang sering dilakukan oleh seorang bulimia.)
- Running may be hard for some people.
  (Berlari mungkin sulit bagi sebagian orang.)
- Getting the best score in math wouldn’t be hard for you.
  (Mendapatkan nilai terbaik matematika tidak akan sulit untukmu.)
- Cooking a delicious meal from scratch requires careful planning and preparation.
  (Memasak makanan lezat dari awal membutuhkan perencanaan dan persiapan yang matang.)
direct object
- I hate waiting.
  (Saya benci menunggu.)
- They enjoy his singing.
  (Mereka menikmati nyanyiannya.)
- I hope that he stops his singing.
  (Saya harap dia menghentikan nyanyiannya.)
- She enjoys reading non-fiction books.
  (Dia senang membaca buku-buku non fiksi.)
subject complement
- My bestfriend’s favorite activity is shopping.
  (Aktivitas favorit sahabat saya adalah berbelanja.)
- My plan is teaching her some healthy tips.
  (Rencana saya mengajarkannya beberapa tips sehat.)
  
  Keterangan:
  - some healthy tips = direct object dari verb “teach”
  - her = indirect object (personal pronoun)
object of preposition
- They disscussed an article about telling the truth.
  (Mereka membahas sebuah artikel tentang mengatakan kebenaran.)
- The manager scolded the worker for removing some substantial data.
  (Manajer memarahi pekerja karena menghapus beberapa data penting.)
- I think about his asking me if I planned to study abroad.
  (Saya berpikir tentang dia yang bertanya kepada saya apakah saya berencana untuk belajar di luar negeri.)
- You should feel ashamed for giving bribes to win the election.
  (Kamu seharusnya merasa malu memberikan suap untuk memenangkan pemilihan tsb.)
  
  Keterangan:
  - bribes to win the election = direct object dari verb “give”
appositive
- His hobby, sailing, takes a lot of time.
  (Hobinya, berlayar, memakan banyak waktu.)
- His hobby, sailing the Caribbean, takes a lot of time.
  (Hobinya, berlayar di sekitar Karibia, memakan banyak waktu.)
- My bestfriend’s favorite activity, shopping, has made her spend much money.
  (Aktivitas favorit sahabat saya, belanja, telah membuatnya menghabiskan banyak uang.)

Verb yang Diikuti Gerund

Verb di bawah ini diikuti oleh gerund dimana verb tersebut dapat langsung diikuti gerund (tanpa tambahan agent di depan gerund) atau perlu tambahan agent sebelum gerund. Agent sendiri merupakan pelaku dari aksi yang dimaksudkan gerund.

tanpa tambahan agent (verb + gerund)

acknowledge
admit
advise
anticipate
appreaciate
avoid
begin
celebrate
consider
continue
deny
discuss
dislike
endure
enjoy
finish
forget
give up
hate
help
practice
prefer
recommend
regret
remember
start
stop
teach
understand

perlu tambahan agent (verb + agent + gerund)

hear
watch
see

Contoh Kalimat Gerund

My friend hate working with him.
(Teman saya tidak suka bekerja dengannya.) tanpa tambahan agent
I just finished reading a book about flowers.
(Saya baru selesai membaca sebuah buku tentang bunga-bunga.) tanpa tambahan agent
We heard him singing the song.
(Kami mendengar dia menyanyikan lagu tersebut.) perlu ditambahan agent (him)
I saw the man walking on the sidewalk last night.
(Saya melihat pria tersebut berjalan di trotoar semalam.) perlu ditambahan agent (man)

Beberapa expression seperti worth dan instead of juga dapat diikuti oleh gerund.

It is worth reading this book.
(Buku ini layak dibaca.)
Instead of buying coffee at a coffee shop, she’d rather brew it at home.
(Dibanding membeli kopi di kedai kopi, dia lebih memilih membuatnya di rumah.)

Lihat juga:

References:

http://cfl.ctu.edu.vn/learning/grammar/grammar%20resource/FC_GerundInfinMM1.doc.
sass.uottawa.ca
Verbal Noun. grammar.about.com. Accessed on August 18, 2014.

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112 thoughts on “Gerund dan Gerund Phrase: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat”

Josh

April 24, 2015 at 11:22

I wasn’t learning this subject at my course.. Thanks for posting it Wilma. Anyway, right now I help my friend learning English. It’s hard enough to teach her about English. I thought maybe it’s just because I didn’t teach her according to the subject in order. So, can you please tell me the subject / the topic of English in order so we can learn it as well. Thanks
Reply
- Wilma Yulia
  
  April 26, 2015 at 12:17
  
  Hi Josh… thanks for leaving such a nice comment 🙂
  
  I assume she has a little knowledge of English grammar…she knows “adjective”, “adverb”, “preposition”, “subject”, and “verb”, but she doesn’t know “predicative adjective”, “adverb phrase”, “adverbial prepositional phrase”, and “subject-verb agreement”.
  If I were you I will start from word and sentence level. Here are some:
  *parts of speech (adjective, adverb, conjunction, verb, noun, preposition, pronoun, interjection)
  *determiner
  *phrase
  *clause (independent & dependent)
  *sentence patterns
  *subject & predicate
  *sentence types
  *subject-verb agreement
  *pronoun-antecedent agreement
  *parallelism
  *active & passive voice
  *sequence of tenses etc
  
  Hope this is going to help you teach your friend 🙂
  Reply
yenny

April 11, 2015 at 05:45

mbak wilma i have some question this is about gerund. which one the correct n incorrect. ex sentence:
1. my heart starts racing. or
my heart starts to race.
2. my heart is starting to race. or
my heart is starting racing.
the last question.
3. what the meaning of sentence above is most suitable in Indonesian?
Reply
- Wilma Yulia
  
  April 14, 2015 at 13:26
  
  Hi Yenny,
  1. “Start” can be followed with gerund or infinitive with little or no difference in meaning. Tapi saya menemukan kebanyakan contoh “it starts to rain” di dalam dependent clause, tidak berdiri sendiri, dimana kamu menemukannya?
  2. The continuous + infinitive sounds better.
  3. My heart is starting to race mulai berpacu ya.. start to do something
  
  It started to rain.
  Mistakes were starting to creep in. http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/start_1
  
  Sampai bingung saya juga kalo “my heart starts to race” gak ada tambahan kata-katanya..saya tidak yakin karena sulit menemukan kalimat seperti itu dalam kondisi “bebas” (yang umum pake simple past “started”), tapi mungkin kalo berada di dalam complex sentence seperti:
  
  Let’s walk (quickly) so we get home before it starts to rain. Basic English Grammar
  
  <– terjadi pada masa sekarang tapi tidak harus berarti sedang berlangsung pada detik ini
  
  Biasanya "starts" (simple present) dipakai untuk membicarakan rencana atau jadwal transportasi/event di masa depan namun memiliki jangka waktu dekat dengan sekarang.
  
  The movie starts at 7:00. … Stand here and visit with me for a few minutes until the train starts. http://www.pearsonlongman.com/ae/azar/grammar_ex/message_board/archive/articles/00082.htm
  
  Bisa baca-baca diskusi ini:
  forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=1819915
  english.stackexchange.com/questions/227512/how-do-you-use-starting-to
  usingenglish.com/forum/threads/2429-quot-start-to-verb-quot-and-quot-start-present-par
  Reply
Alif

December 16, 2014 at 11:13

Hy Wilma
Thank you so much for helping me ! I can do my final semester test in my college and also improve my skill include speaking, grammar and writing
Reply
- Wilma Yulia
  
  December 18, 2014 at 14:07
  
  My pleasure Alif. I’m so glad to hear that you could do your final test and improve your skills as well. Keep your spirit up when learning English! 🙂
  Reply
Ciwoel

November 18, 2014 at 06:27

Hi Wilma,
mau tanya soal kalimat di atas : We heard him singing the song. (him= agent). Dikalimat ini singing berfungsi sbg gerund tp saya pernah baca noun sebelum gerund must be possesive, karena kalo sepeti ini menjadi participle. Mohon penjelasannya yaaa..tengkiu..
Reply
- Wilma Yulia
  
  November 22, 2014 at 14:04
  
  Hi Ciwoel..maaf agak lama balasnya..
  Iya saya bahkan juga pernah nulis (pre)modifier gerund ya possessive. Sebagian ada yang menyebut yang benar “possessive adjective” ada juga yang ok pake objective pronoun.
  
  …In chapter 14, section 4.3, of the Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, entitled “Non-finite and verbless clauses”…
  There is one respect in which ‘gerund’ and ‘present participle’ clauses differ in their internal form: with ‘gerunds’ the subject may take genitive case, with plain or accusative case a less formal alternant, but with ‘present participles’ the genitive is impossible and pronouns with a nominative–accusative contrast appear in nomiative case, with accusative an alternant restricted to informal style. Compare then:
  [39] i. She resented his/him/*he being invited to open the debate.
  ii. We appointed Max, he/him/*his being much the best qualified of the candidates.
  http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/2625/when-is-a-gerund-supposed-to-be-preceded-by-a-possessive-pronoun
  
  Disitu dikatakan gerund mungkin didahului genetive (his) atau accusative (him), walau kalo pake accusative less formal.
  
  Adapula yang mengungkap kalo makna kalimatnya jadi berbeda.
  
  I consulted Garner’s Modern American Usage before writing this post. I share one of Mr. Garner’s excellent comparisons:
  
  Is John in the shower? Yes, I heard him singing.
  Is he talented? Yes, I heard his singing.
  http://www.businesswritingblog.com/business_writing/2012/08/i-enjoy-youyour-singing-pronouns-with-gerunds.html
  
  Mendengarnya bernyanyi (live pada saat itu) vs mendengar nyanyiannya 🙂
  Reply
naufal

November 13, 2014 at 11:46

apa setelah don’t itu bisa diikuti gerund?
Reply
- Wilma Yulia
  
  November 14, 2014 at 14:04
  
  Kalo langsung sih engga NaufaL.. Habis don’t itu verb dulu, bukan noun. Jadi setelah verb baru bisa gerund. Cek aja verb yang mendahului gerund bisa apa aja. Contoh: I don’t like eating alone.
  Reply