Present Participle: Pengertian, Fungsi, dan Contoh Kalimat

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Soal Participle

Pengertian Present Participle

Present participle adalah kata yang dibentuk dengan menambahkan suffix (akhiran) -ing pada base form / bare infinitive (bentuk dasar dari verb).

Kadang-kadang terjadi doubling pada konsonan di akhir kata kerja tersebut.

Contoh doubling pada konsonan

  • run + -ing → running
  • swim + -ing → swimming

Present participle merupakan satu dari lima verb form yang dimiliki oleh verb.

Contoh Verb Form

Base Form Present Tense Past Tense Present Participle Past Participle
sing sing(s) sang singing sung
read read(s) read reading read

Lihat juga:

Fungsi Present Participle

Secara umum, participle dapat berfungsi sebagai sebagai verb atau verbal.

Present Participle sebagai Verb

Sebagai verb, present participle digunakan sebagai komponen dari verb phrase bersama auxiliary verb untuk membentuk (perfect) continuous tense. Present participle juga digunakan pada passive voice pada continuous tense. 

Contoh Present Participle sebagai Verb

  • He is smiling to you.
    (Dia sedang tersenyum padamu.) present continuous tense
  • Those toddlers have been sleeping for an hour.
    (Balita-balita itu telah tidur selama satu jam.) present perfect continuous tense
  • The workers were queuing for their salaries.
    (Para pekerja sedang mengantri gaji.) past continuous tense
  • The labors had been demonstrating for two hours before you came.)
    (Para buruh telah berdemonstrasi selama dua jam sebelum kamu datang.) past perfect continuous tense
  • She will be working at the office.
    (Dia akan sedang bekerja di kantor.) future continuous tense
  • That cat will have been sleeping long.
    (Kucing itu akan telah tidur lama.) future perfect continuous tense
  • The book is being read by him.
    (Buku tersebut sedang dibaca olehnya.) passive – present continuous tense
  • My car was being washed at this time yesterday.
    (Mobil saya sedang dicuci pada saat ini kemarin.) passive – past continuous tense

Present Participle sebagai Verbal

Sebagai verbal, participle berfungsi sebagai adjective (kata sifat). Sebagai adjective, participle berfungsi menerangkan noun (kata benda). Adapula bentuk -ing yang lain yang berfungsi sebagai noun, yaitu gerund. Walaupun sama-sama berbentuk -ing, namun penggunaan keduanya sangat berbeda.

Lihat:

Penggunaan present participle sebagai adjective dapat dilihat pada noun phrase dan reduced adjective clause (active voice). Pada noun phrase, noun yang bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi dirangkai dengan present participle.

Misalnya pada kalimat:

  • The rooster annoys me.
    (Ayam jago itu menjengkelkan saya.)
  • The fact interested me.
    (Fakta tersebut menarik perhatian saya.)

dapat dibuat menjadi kalimat dengan present participle:

  • It is an annoying rooster.
    (Itu ayam jago yang menjengkelkan.)
  • The annoying rooster eats a lot.
    (Ayam jago yang menjengkelkan itu makan banyak.)
  • It was an interesting fact.
    (Itu fakta yang menarik.)
  • The interesting fact was published.
    (Fakta menarik itu dipublikasikan.)

Annoying dan interesting pada contoh di atas merupakan present participle yang menjelaskan rooster dan fact.

Pada reduksi adjective clause (active voice), relative pronoun dan verb “to be” dan/atau auxiliary verb lain (jika ada) dihapus serta ditambahkan -ing pada active verb (jika tidak berbentuk continuous tense) sehingga membentuk present participle (phrase).

Contoh Present Participle pada Reduced Adjective Clause

  1. adjective clause

    The woman who works here is from Perth.
    (Wanita yang bekerja disini berasal dari Perth.)

    reduced

    The woman who works+ing here is from Perth.

    menjadi

    The woman working here is from Perth. menerangkan woman

  2. adjective clause

    The man who is sleeping under the tree is my brother.
    (Laki-laki yang sedang tidur di bawah pohon adalah saudaraku.)

    reduced

    The boy who is sleeping+ing under the tree is my brother.

    menjadi

    The man sleeping under the tree is my brother. menerangkan man

Fungsi present participle: *sebagai verb: bersama auxiliary verb membentuk (perfect) continuous tense dan passive voice - continuous tense *sebagai verb (adjective): menerangkan noun pada noun phrase dan noun di depan active voice - reduced adjective clause.

fungsi present participle

Soal Present vs. Past Participle

References:

  1. Adjectives and Adverbs: Using Participles as Adjectives. http://rwc.hunter.cuny.edu/reading-writing/on-line/particip.html. Accessed on December 21, 2012.
  2. Present Participle. http://www.jccc.edu/files/pdf/writing-center/present-participle.pdf. Accessed on December 21, 2012.
  3. Participles. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/627/02/. Accessed on November 25, 2012.
  4. Participles: “ing” and “ed” endings. http://writingcenter.tamu.edu/2006/composing-process/grammar-composing-process/participles-%E2%80%9C-ing%E2%80%9D-and-%E2%80%9C-ed%E2%80%9D-endings/. Accessed on November 25, 2012.
  5. Participial Adjectives. http://faculty.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/partadj.html. Accessed on November 25, 2012.
  6. Present Participle. http://www.mit.edu/course/21/21.guide/v-prespt.htm. Accessed on November 25, 2012.
  7. Participles. http://www.monmouth.edu/uploadedFiles/Campus_Life/Writing_Center/Participles.pdf. Accessed on December 21, 2012.
  8. The Participle. http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participle.htm. Accessed on November 25, 2012.

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24 thoughts on “Present Participle: Pengertian, Fungsi, dan Contoh Kalimat”

  1. lala  

    Kak mau nanya dong yg contoh kalimat “It is a annoying rooster atau The annoying rooster eats a lot.” bukannya yg a nya pake an ya? Atau memang begitu?

  2. nisa  

    kak mau tanya, yang benear itu ‘the overworking accountant feel exhausted when he gets home’ atau ‘ the overworked accountant feel exhaustedwhen he gets home” ?

  4. rama  

    1. The girl who was asked by me is beautiful = The girl asked by me is beautiful. (pasive)
    2.The girl who asked me is beautiful. (aktif) u/ kalimat ini pakai V2 apakah kl “who”nya di drop betuknya sperti ini = The girl asked me is beautiful. Tlong pnjelasannya mba. Dan jlaskan mna yg salah..?

  5. rama  

    A. The book that has been given is mine = The book given is mine.
    Apa bedanya sama B. The book that was given is mine = The book given is mine.

    tlong penjelasannya mba thx.

  6. hizkia  

    Contoh dalam bentuk artikel/cerita yang menggunakan kalimat present participle itu bagaimana ya?

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Present participle digunakan sebagai adjective dan verb Hizkia. Di verb bisa di continuous tense, perfect continuous tense, passive – continuous tense, reduced adjective clause.

      Tigers are very adaptable in their hunting techniques. Although they prefer to kill by attacking the neck, they do not do so when they recognize it is inappropriate. A large crocodile might bite down on a swimming tiger, which will immediately blind the reptile by striking it in the eyes. A crocodile’s neck is covered with thick amored skin, so the tiger will instead flip the animal over and eviscerate its soft belly. …

      Three subspecies of tiger have all gone extinct in the last 80 years. The Bali tiger (Panthera tigris balica) was purposefully hunted to extinction in Bali due to its cultural status as evil. The Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) was hunted to extinction, although its numbers had been dwindling due to habitat loss to coffee and rubber plantations. http://listverse.com/2012/09/10/50-unusual-facts-about-tigers/

  8. Hafidz  

    Ijin nambahin ya,
    A present Participle function as an adverb
    A sentence which has an active adverb clause and the subject of the clause is the same as the subject of the sentence can be shotened using a present participle.
    Ex :
    When Sari saw the Head office, she ran after him.
    Seeing the Head office, Sari ran after him

    terus saya minta contoh present participle ini dalam kalimat tanya ya
    Thanx

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Hi Hafidz,
      Makasi banyak ya uda nambahin.. Kadang karena buanyak fungsinya jadi ga ketulis ya *_*.. adverbial modifier (of time) ya berarti juga fungsinya si participle.

      Present participle dalam kalimat tanya:
      active voice
      *When is he arriving?
      *Who is sitting next to Anna?
      *What were you doing at this time yesterday?
      passive voice
      *Where is our report being presented?
      adjective
      *Is the story terrifying?

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      You’re welcome Reynaldi, makasi apresiasinya.. sukses ya bahasa Inggrismu… 🙂

  12. Handika  

    Min, tolong kasih penjelasan dong mengenai penggunaan this, that, these, dn those..
    dan kata-kata itu digunakan pas kapan aja.. thx

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