Irregular Verb (Tidak Beraturan): Pengertian, Contoh Kalimat, dan Soal

Pengertian Irregular Verb

Irregular verb adalah kata kerja yang bentuk past tense dan past participle-nya tidak konsisten, maksudnya bentuk past tense dan past participle-nya tidak didapat dengan cara yang biasa dengan menambahkan -ed atau -d pada base form / bare infinitive seperti pada regular verb.

Sebagian bentuk past tense dan/atau past participle kata kerja yang memiliki nama lain strong verb ini sama dengan base form, sedangkan sebagian yang lain berbeda. Namun sebagian besar kata kerja ini sama bentuk past tense dan past participle-nya.

Berikut daftar common irregular verbs (umum digunakan) dan arti beserta beberapa contoh kalimatnya.

Base Form: Present Tense (V1) – Past Tense (V2) – Past Participle (V3)

• arise (muncul): arises – arose – arisen
• awake (bangun): awakes – awoke – awoken
• be (verb to be): am/is/are – was/were – been
• bear (memikul): bears – bore – borne
• beat (mengalahkan): beats – beat – beaten
• become (menjadi): becomes – became – become
• bend (menekuk): bends – bent – bent
• begin (memulai): begins – began – begun
• bid (menawar): bids – bid – bid
• bite (menggigit): bites – bit – bitten/bit
• blow (meniup): blows – blew – blown
• break (mematahkan): breaks – broke – broken
• bring (membawa): brings – brought – brought
• broadcast (menyiarkan): broadcasts – broadcast – broadcast
• build (membangun): builds – built – built
• buy (membeli): buys – bought – bought
• catch (menangkap): catches – caught – caught
• choose (memilih): chooses – chose – chosen
• come (datang): comes – came – come
• cost (berharga): costs – cost – cost
• creep (merayap): creeps – crept – crept
• cut (memotong): cuts – cut – cut
• dig (menggali): digs – dug – dug
• dive (menyelam): dives – dived /dove – dived
• do (melakukan): does – did – done
• drag (menyeret):drags – dragged – dragged
• draw (menarik): draws – drew – drawn
• dream (memimpikan): dreams – dreamed /dreamt – dreamt
• drink (minum): drinks – drank – drunk
• drive (mengendarai): drives – drove – driven
• drown (menenggelamkan): drowns – drowned – drowned
• eat (makan): eats – ate – eaten
• fall (jatuh): falls – fell – fallen
• feel (merasa): feels – felt – felt
• fight (bertarung): fights – fought – fought
• find (mencari): finds – found – found
• fly (terbang): flies – flew – flown
• forget (lupa): forgets – forgot – forgotten
• forgive (memaafkan): forgives – forgave – forgiven
• freeze (membekukan): freezes – froze – frozen
• get (mendapatkan): gets – got – got /gotten
• give (memberikan): gives – gave – given
• go (pergi): goes – went – gone
• grow (tumbuh): grows – grew – grown
• hang (menggantung): hangs – hung – hung
• have (mempunyai): have/has – had – had
• hear (mendengar): hears – heard – heard
• hide (menyembunyikan): hides – hid – hidden
• hit (memukul): hits – hit – hit
• hold (memegang): holds – held – held
• hurt (menyakiti): hurts – hurt – hurt
• keep (menjaga): keeps – kept- kept
• know (mengetahui): knows – knew – known
• lay (meletakkan): lays – laid – laid
• lead (memimpin): leads – led – led
• leave (meninggalkan): leaves – left – left
• lend (meminjami): lends – lent – lent
• let (membiarkan): lets – let – let
• lie (berbaring): lies – lay – lain
• light (menyalakan): lights – lit – lit
• lose (kehilangan): loses – lost – lost
• make (membuat): makes – made – made
• mean (berarti): means – meant – meant
• meet (menemui): meets – met – met
• pay (membayar): pays – paid – paid
• prove (membuktikan): proves – proved – proved /proven
• put (meletakkan): puts – put – put
• read (membaca): reads – read – read
• ride (mengendarai): rides – rode – ridden
• ring (berdering): rings – rang – rung
• rise (naik): rises – rose – risen
• run (berlari): runs – ran – run
• say (mengatakan): says – said – said
• see (melihat): sees – saw – seen
• seek (mencari): seeks – sought – sought
• sell (menjual): sells – sold – sold
• send (mengirim): sends – sent – sent
• set (mengatur): sets – set – set
• shake (menggoyang): shakes – shook – shaken
• shut (menutup): shuts – shut – shut
• sing (bernyanyi): sings – sang – sung
• sink (tenggelam): sinks – sank – sunk
• sit (duduk): sits – sat – sat
• sleep (tidur): sleeps – slept – slept
• speak (berbicara): speaks – spoke – spoken
• spend (menghabiskan): spends – spent – spent
• spring (meloncat): springs – sprang – sprung
• stand (berdiri): stands – stood – stood
• steal (mencuri): steals – stole – stolen
• sting (menyengat): stings – stung – stung
• strike (menyerang): strikes – struck – struck
• swear (bersumpah): swears – swore – sworn
• swim (berenang): swims – swam – swum
• swing (mengayun): swings – swung – swung
• take (mengambil): takes – took – taken
• teach (mengajar): teaches – taught – taught
• tear (merobek): tears – tore – torn
• tell (mengatakan): tells – told – told
• think (berpikir): thinks – tought – tought
• throw (membuang): throws – threw – thrown
• understand (mengerti): understands – understood – understood
• wake (bangun): wakes – woke /waked – woken /waked /woke
• wear (memakai): wears – wore – worn
• win (menang): wins – won – won
• write (menulis): writes – wrote – written

1. He never comes late to class.
   (Dia tidak pernah datang terlambat ke kelas.)
2. Where do killdeer birds lay their eggs?
   (Dimana burung killdeer meletakkan telur-telur mereka?)
3. I lend my car to him sometimes.
   (Saya kadang-kadang meminjamkan mobil saya kepadanya.)
4. While driving in a highway, Sarah saw a man throwing trash out his car window.
   (Ketika sedang mengemudi di jalan raya Sarah  melihat seorang pria membuang sampah keluar jendela mobilnya.)
5. She started to set flatware on the table.
   (Dia mulai menata peralatan makan di meja tersebut.)

Lihat juga:

• Daftar Irregular Verb dan Artinya

Irregular Verb Rules

Pada dasarnya aturan-aturan penggunaan irregular verb sama saja dengan regular verb. Berikut beberapa aturan tersebut.

1. Subject-Verb Agreement

   Jika subject berupa singular noun (tunggal), irregular verb pada simple present tense base form-nya perlu ditambahi -s atau -es untuk subject: she, he, it, dan orang ketiga tunggal; sedangkan I dan you cukup menggunakan base form. Sebaliknya subject berupa plural noun (jamak), irregular verb pada simple present tense base form-nya tidak perlu ditambahi -s atau -es.

   Contoh Irregular Verb

   • She runs.
   • John runs.
   • I run.
   • They run.
   • People run.

2. Irregular Verb dan Auxiliary Verb

   Irregular verb digunakan dengan berbagai auxiliary verb untuk membentuk beragam tenses. Misalnya have/has + past participle untuk membentuk
   present perfect tense, had + past participle untuk membuat past perfect tense, will + base form untuk membentuk future tense.

   Contoh Irregular Verb

   • She has left.
   • They have left.
   • Lala had left before the party began.
   • It will leave you speechless.

Contoh Kalimat Irregular Verb dan Artinya

1. She sends her parents money every month.
   (Dia mengirimi orangtuanya uang setiap bulan.) present tense
2. They all came on time yesterday.
   (Mereka semua datang tepat waktu kemarin.) past tense
3. My manager has just left the meeting room.
   (Manager saya baru saja meninggalkan ruang pertemuan.) past participle
4. We haven’t met yet.
   (Kami belum pernah bertemu.) past participle
5. You will understand one day.
   (Kamu akan mengerti suatu hari nanti.) base form

10 Contoh Soal Irregular Verb

Pilihlah verb-1 (simple present), verb-2 (past tense), atau verb-3 (past participle) yang cocok untuk mengisi bagian yang kosong dengan mengikuti petunjuk di dalam kurung dengan mengetik a, b, c, atau d.

Javascript diperlukan untuk menjalankan quiz ini.

Lihat juga:

• Soal Regular vs. Irregular Verb
• Soal Past Participle
• Soal Participle

References:

1. buy – definition and synonyms. macmillandictionary.com. Accessed on March 6, 2019.
2. Grammar Handbook: Regular and Irregular Verbs. http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/irregularverbs/. Accessed on March 5, 2013.
3. Regular / Irregular Verbs. http://www.stlcc.edu/Student_Resources/Academic_Resources/Writing_Resources/Grammar_Handouts/verb_list_irregular.pdf. Accessed on March 5, 2013.
4. Irregular Verb. grammar.about.com. Accessed on March 5, 2013.
5. Introduction to Irregular Verbs in English. grammar.about.com. Accessed on March 5, 2012.
6. Irregular Verbs List. englishclub.com. Accessed on April 1, 2016.
7. Mow. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/mow. Accessed on December 11, 2015.