Past Perfect Tense: Pengertian, Kalimat, dan Contoh Soal

Pengertian Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada suatu titik di masa lalu sebelum aksi lainnya terjadi.

Aksi yang telah selesai di masa lampau itu dapat terjadi berulang kali maupun hanya sekali. Selain itu, tense ini juga dapat digunakan untuk membentuk conditional sentence tipe 3 dan reported speech.

Table of Contents:

Lihat juga:

contoh kalimat past perfect tense dan artinya: She told me she had seen them twice. (Dia mengatakan kepada saya bahwa dia telah melihat mereka dua kali.)

contoh kalimat past perfect tense dan artinya

Rumus Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “had”, dan past participle (verb-3). Had digunakan baik untuk singular maupun plural subject. Sedangkan past participle dibentuk dengan menambahkan -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne pada base form berupa regular verb. Pada base form berupa irregular verb, bentuk past participle tidak konsisten.

Lihat:

Rumus past perfect tense: S (singular/plural) + had + past participle.

rumus past perfect tense

Yes-no question dapat langsung dibuat dengan menukar posisi subject of verb (S) dan had dan menambahkan question mark di akhir kalimat.

Kalimat Positive

S + had + past participle

Kalimat Negative

S + had + not + past participle

Yes-No Question

Had + S + past participle

Contoh Kalimat Yes-No Question Past Perfect Tense

  1. He had eaten breakfast before he went to work today.
    (Dia sudah sarapan sebelum pergi bekerja hari ini.)

    Had he eaten breafast before he went to work today?
    (Apakah dia sudah sarapan sebelum pergi bekerja hari ini?)

  2. You had left by the time they arrived.
    (Kamu telah pergi pada saat mereka tiba.)

    Had you  left by the time they arrived?
    (Apakah kamu telah pergi pada saat mereka tiba?)

  3. The meeting had been started when  she came.
    (Pertemuan tersebut telah dimulai ketika dia datang.)

    Had the meeting been started when she came?
    (Apakah pertemuan tersebut telah dimulai ketika dia tiba?)

Contoh Short Answer Response Past Perfect Tense

  1. Had I/we seen it before?
    • Yes, you had.
    • No, you hadn’t.
  2. Had she/he seen it before?
    • Yes, she/he had.
    • No, she/he hadn’t.
  3. Had you seen it before?
    • Yes, I had.
    • No, I hadn’t.
  4. Had they seen it before?
    • Yes, they had.
    • No, they hadn’t.
contoh yes-no question past perfect tense dan artinya: Had they already left when you arrived at the party?(Apakah mereka sudah pergi saat kamu tiba di pesta?)

contoh yes-no question past perfect tense dan artinya

Lihat juga:

Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

  1. Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan aksi di masa lampau yang telah selesai terjadi sebelum past event lainnya. Subordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan antara lain:

    Selain subordinate conjunction, dapat juga digunakan preposition prior to dan before (sebelum) yang merupakan sinonim.

    Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

    • When he came last night, the cake had run out.
      (Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.)
    • The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called.
      (Siswa tersebut telah mendapat peringatan verbal sebelum orangtuanya ditelepon.)
    • I had already eaten breakfast by the time he picked me up.
      (Saya telah sarapan ketika dia menjemput.)
    • Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been colonized by Japan for 3 years.
      (Sebelum proklamasi, Indonesia telah dijajah Jepang selama 3 tahun.)
  2. Past perfect tense untuk menunjukkan seberapa sering sesuatu terjadi di masa lampau. Time expression (keterangan waktu) yang sering digunakan yaitu frasa adverbial of frequency. Berikut beberapa contohnya.
    • twice / two times / three times + before + simple past tense / participle (phrase): twice before getting married (dua kali sebelum menikah), two times before they got married (dua kali sebelum mereka menikah), three times before I read his review (tiga kali sebelum saya membaca tinjauannya)
    • every day / every two days / every other day until 2012 (setiap hari / setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012)
    • every summer until 2000 (setiap musim panas hingga tahun 2000)

    Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

    • I had read the book three times before I read his review.
      (Saya telah membaca buku itu tiga kali sebelum saya membaca ulasannya.)
    • They had met twice before married.
      (Mereka bertemu dua kali sebelum menikah.)
    • Yulia had been to the gym every two days until 2012.
      (Yulia telah pergi ke gym setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012.)
  3. Past perfect tense digunakan pada reported speech setelah verb
    • said
    • told
    • asked
    • thought
    • wondered

    Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

    • He said that he had listened carefully the instruction.
      (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh perhatian.)
    • I thought he had changed to be better man.
      (Saya pikir dia telah berubah menjadi pria yang lebih baik.)
  4. Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan harapan atau impian yang tidak kesampaian melalui conditional sentence tipe 3.

    Rumus conditional sentence tipe 3:

    if + past perfect tense + would/should/could/might + have + past participle

    Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense

    • If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
      (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.)
    • Rina would have been the same level with me if she had studied harder.
      (Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan saya jika dia belajar lebih keras.)

10 Contoh Soal Past Perfect Tense

rumus kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif past perfect tense

rumus kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif past perfect tense

Pilihlah jawaban yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi bagian yang kosong dengan mengetik a atau b.

  1. Never … such delicious pies before visiting the bakery.

    1. I had tasted
    2. had I tasted

    Your answer:

  2. How many times … the clothes before the fault occured?

    1. you had worn
    2. had you worn

    Your answer:

  3. If you … your money in a bank, it wouldn’t have gone.

    1. had been put
    2. had put

    Your answer:

  4. Prior to the meeting, the room …

    1. had been cleaned and prepared
    2. had cleaned and prepared

    Your answer:

  5. He told that he … all the files in the directory.

    1. had removed
    2. had been removed

    Your answer:

  1. The student … her disposable lunch box in the garbage can by the time the bell rang.

    1. had been dropped
    2. had dropped

    Your answer:

  2. When he arrived at the station, the train …

    1. had left
    2. had leaved

    Your answer:

  3. … before the participants came?

    1. Had the room been brighter
    2. Had the room brighter

    Your answer:

  4. Reza … about her before they met.

    1. had already heard
    2. had already been heard

    Your answer:

  5. Anyone … the latest version of the phone software for free before August 2013.

    1. had been able to update
    2. had be able to update

    Your answer:

Correct
Incorrect

Javascript diperlukan untuk menjalankan quiz ini.

5 Contoh Soal Yes-No Question dengan Past Perfect Tense

Susunlah yes-no question past perfect tense yang tepat dari kata-kata di bawah ini.

  1. Dimas / see / a koala / before

    before?

  2. You / talk / to me / when I was a freshman.

    when I was a freshman?

  3. She / finish / her work / by lunchtime.

    by lunchtime?

  4. He / read / the full terms / before placing his order.

    before placing his order?

  5. The train/ leave / by the time they reached the station.

    by the time they reached the station?

Correct
Incorrect

Javascript diperlukan untuk menjalankan quiz ini.

Lihat juga:

References:

  1. Past Perfect Tense. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/tenses/past_perfect.htm. Accessed on October 9, 2018.
  2. The Past Perfect Tense. http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/pastperf.htm. Accessed on November 16, 2013.
  3. Sequence of Tenses. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/01/. Accessed on February 22, 2013.
  4. After, Before, When. http://esl.about.com/od/Intermediate_Verb_Resource/a/Time-Expressions-After-Before-When.htm. Accessed on February 22, 2013.
  5. Question Forms. http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/question-forms. Accessed on March 12, 2016.
  6. WH-Words Questions in English and American Sign Language. http://seattlecentral.edu/faculty/baron/ESL%20class/WH-Word%20questions%20in%20English%20and%20ASL.pptx. Accessed on February 10, 2013.
  7. Wh- Question Formation. http://www2.gsu.edu/~eslhpb/grammar/lecture_10/wh_questions.html. Accessed on February 10, 2013.
  8. Types of Wh-Questions. http://www.rit.edu/ntid/rate/sea/processes/wh/grammatical/types. Accessed on February 10, 2013.
  9. Past Perfect 1. http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pastpf1.htm. Accessed on November 16, 2013.
  10. Past Perfect Worksheets. http://esl.about.com/od/Find-the-Mistake/a/Past-Perfect-Worksheets.htm. Accessed on November 17, 2013.
  11. Past Perfect Quiz. https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_past-perfect-quiz.htm. Accessed on March 21, 2016.
  12. Pivarnik-Nova, Denise. 2015. Kaplan AP English Language & Composition 2016. New York: Kaplan, Inc.
  13. Blue Azar Chapter 1 Quiz. http://utminers.utep.edu/micontreras/bluazar1.htm. Accessed on March 21, 2016.
  14. Sign up. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sign-up. Accessed on March 21, 2016.

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78 thoughts on “Past Perfect Tense: Pengertian, Kalimat, dan Contoh Soal

  1. ch0ra  

    haii kaa ! mau nanyaa yang nomor 10 ituu kenapa be able yaa?? makasii kaa !

  2. juheri  

    Rina would been the same level with me if she had studied harder.
    (Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan saya jika dia belajar lebih keras.)

    bukankah menjadi “Rina would have been”

  3. elfans  

    Regarding answer no.4 is passive construct, could you inform what kind situation should we use passive construct?

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Thanks for your feedback Krito =) Wish you all the best and success in your life!

    1. eko restu  

      sorry before it, now i know why ‘been’ is right. bcs my teacher tell us about this with good reason

    2. Wilma Yulia  

      Maaf banget baru balas Eko 🙁

      Ada been yang saya gunakan pada halaman ini untuk membentuk passive construction (had + been + past participle) Eko.

  4. anon  

    Utk nmr 8 bknnya past perfect tense itu bknnya jawabannya b ? Klo a ada been bknnya gk ada been dlm rumus e

  5. aminah lubis  

    kak boleh mintak contoh soal pilihan ganda tantang present perfect, future perfect, dan past perfect.

  6. lukas tersono adi  

    Sangat berguna buat profesional seperti saya untuk menghadapi info atau buku referensi berbahasa Inggris.

  7. muhammad janwar  

    saya bingung membedakan antara present perfect tense dan past perfect tense. karena kedua tense tersebut menggambarkan apa yang telah/sudah dan menggunakan Verb3.

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      been pada past perfect tense (active voice) sebagai main verb Sia, jadi itu verb to be dalam bentuk v-3. Verb to be sebagai main verb itu diikuti subject complement (berupa noun, adjective, atau adverb).

  8. Michael  

    Maksudnya untuk mengekspresikan aksi di masa lampau yang telah selesai terjadi sebelum past event lainnya. Apaan ??

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      aksi di masa lampau yang terjadi duluan dalam past perfect tense Michael, aksi yang terjadi setelahnya dalam simple past

  9. Ayu Rizki  

    Bagus banget ih pas banget buat yang lagi belajar kaya aku. Yang butuh soal2 kaya gini. Terimakasiiih, ditunggu soal2 yanh baru ya kakkk??

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Makasi sudah meninggalkan komen yang sangat manis Ayu ^^ Semoga sukses selalu belajarnya ya!

  10. Nur handika  

    Terima kasih kak….blog kakak sgt membantu sekali… menambah pengetahuan aku ttg gramar…

  11. Irvan  

    Hello Wilma..

    This material is definitely clear, but i just confuse when my pupils ask me, “how to make tenses material (perfect part) is easy to keep in our mind, cz we’re using only the simple and continuous part in every day”. what should my proper answer?

    Thank. Ivan

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Hi Irvan,
      Hmmm… we can’t avoid the past perfect tense forever. It is the sequence of tenses that prevents us from accomplishing the desire 😀
      We may have to combine two different verb tenses in a complex sentence to express the sequence of events. We know the past perfect tense is needed to show which past event was completed first. Sometimes we can use the past simple, but we many need to add words such as: after, before, later, etc to make make the time relationship clear. However, we are better to use the past perfect, especially in formal writing.

      1. John raised vegetables and later sold them. (past)
      2. John sold vegetables that he had raised. (past perfect)
      The vegetables were raised before they were sold.
      1. Renee washed the car when George arrived (simple past)
      2. Renee had washed the car when George arrived. (past perfect)
      In (1), she waited until George arrived and then washed the car. In (2), she had already finished washing the car by the time he arrived. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/01/

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Bagus Hafizh.. percobaan pertama aja uda 90%.. apalagi kalo dua kali :B

  12. Jak  

    klo gini bisa ga? “If I had a good voice, I would been the next Indonesian Idol”
    untuk mengekspresikan harapan/impian yang tidak kesampaian

  13. Abdul Kadir  

    Hiii,Wilma
    Saya senang sekali menemukan web ini,dan sangat membantu.
    tetap semangat dan sukses selalu yaa. Mohon ijin untuk copy beberapa file.

    Terima kasih,

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Hi…
      Seneng juga ketemu Abdul disini 😀 web ini jadi catatan saya belajar Hehe..
      Monggo di copy 🙂

  14. Uswatun Hasanah  

    Hi Wilma.
    Gue mau nanya nih, masih kurang2 nggak faham gitu. Perbedaan simple past sama past perfect apa? Thx. 🙂

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Hi Uswatun,

      Past perfect tense digunakan untuk mengetahui past event mana yang terjadi duluan, jika pada suatu pernyataan mengandung dua past event.
      Contoh:
      *He became an entrepreneur. He had read the inspirational book. (“membaca buku inspiratif” terjadi sebelum “menjadi pengusaha”.)
      *He became an entrepreneur. He read the inspirational book. (kurang jelas mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu jika tidak ada time signal-nya.)

      Coba lihat ini: http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/pastpf.htm

      Maaf ya balasnya lama (banget)… 🙂

    2. Ahmad Qoshdu  

      Hi wilma

      Saya mau bertanya, satahu saya kalau “had been” digunakan untuk kata benda, tetapi dicontoh yang prior to, terdapat kalimat “had been colonized”, mohon pencerahannya

  15. Hudah Shafirul  

    Hi Wilma,
    Bagaimana batasan waktu kejadian antara penggunaan present perfect dengan past perfect? apakah kalau kejadiannya pagi ini atau 5 jam yang lalu bisa pakai present perfect atau past perfect?, please advise, thx

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Hi Hudah,
      Coba dilihat dari time reference-nya. Present perfect tense time reference-nya present ~ terjadi sebelum sekarang, sedangkan past perfect tense time-reference-nya past ~ terjadi sebelum suatu titik waktu di masa lampau.

      Contoh:
      *She has eaten her breakfast. ~ sudah selesai sebelum sekarang (present perfect tense)
      *When I came to pick her up this morning, she had eaten her breakfast. ~ sudah selesai ketika saya datang untuk menjemputnya pagi ini (past perfect tense)

      Semoga membantu. 🙂

  16. Vya  

    Klw mnrut sy , sdkt paham dgn past perfect tense ini , tp sy krang mngerti difungsinya .. Sblmny trma ksh bnyak infonya

  17. Vingki leginda sadriah  

    .mkasi ya pnjlsan.ya
    , .tp q msi krang fham ttng past perfect tense in . .,
    tp ad la sdkit yg nyngkut
    tp skli lg thanks ya 🙂

  18. anugrah nugho  

    sebelumnya terima kasih atas penjelasannya tp saya msh punya masalah dalam memahaminya, kapan sich penggunaan when and after itu kita gunakan karena kedua kt ini memiliki arti yang berbeda

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Halo Anugrah,

      Pertanyaan kamu mengarah ke fungsi past perfect yang no. 1 yah. Jadi past perfect merupakan aksi yang lebih dulu terjadi (earlier event) yang kemudian diikuti oleh past event lainnya (later event). Dengan demikian kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa past perfect muncul setelah kata “after” (setelah).

      ——> after + earlier event (past perfect), later event (past tense)

      Sebaliknya pada before, when, dan by the time. When disini untuk menyatakan apa yang terjadi (later event) setelah sesuatu terjadi (earlier event) [lihat referensi no. 8].

      ——> before/when/by the time + later event (past tense), earlier event (past perfect)

      Untuk lebih banyak contoh, kamu bisa lihat referensi no. 1, 2, dan 7. Semoga membantu ya. 🙂

    1. Wilma Yulia  

      Halo Elvy,
      Masih bingung nih sama pertanyaan kamu. Apa noun (subject, object) di past perfect tense diterangkan oleh adjective bgitu?

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