Pengertian Sentence Fragment
Sentence fragment adalah incomplete sentence (kalimat yang tidak lengkap) namun beraksi seakan-akan merupakan complete sentence / independent clause.
Lihat juga:
Seperti Apakah Complete Sentence?
Complete sentence mengandung subject, verb dan biasanya komponen lain (kombinasi part of speech) hingga membentuk suatu pikiran yang utuh.
Verb (kata kerja) dari complete sentence dapat berupa transitive, intransitive, atau linking verb. Jika kata kerjanya berupa transitive, maka harus ada direct object untuk dapat bermakna atau mengungkapkan suatu pikiran yang utuh. Sedangkan jika kata kerjanya berupa linking verb, maka harus ada subject complement (deskripsi subjek). Beberapa contohnya adalah sebagai berikut.
| Verb | Contoh |
|---|---|
| Transitive | His family only eats organic rice. (Keluarganya hanya makan beras organik.) |
| Intransitive | The man had left 20 minutes ago. (Lelaki tersebut telah pergi 20 menit yang lalu.) |
| Linking Verb | I’m happy. (Saya bahagia.) |
Contoh Sentence Fragment
Berikut beberapa contoh sentence fragment beserta identifikasi masalah dan revisinya.
| Contoh Sentence Fragment | Masalah dan Contoh Revisi Sentence Fragment |
|---|---|
| By giving bribes to win the election can make him win dishonestly. |
tidak ada subject“by giving bribes to win the election” adalah prepositional phrase. “By” (preposition) harus dihilangkan agar menjadi subject. Revisi:Giving bribes in the election can make him win dishonestly. |
| The low-fat potato salad with tuna. |
tidak ada main verbSentence fragment tsb hanya berupa noun phrase (sebagai subject). Revisi:The low-fat potato salad with tuna has just run out. |
| One of your friends taking English course three months ago. |
komponen verb tidak lengkap-ing form menjadi bukan verb ketika tidak diawali auxiliary (be). Revisi:One of your friends took English course three months ago. |
| In France, before the reconstruction after the first world war. |
tidak ada subject dan predicatehanya terdiri dari prepositional phrase (time & place) Revisi:In France, before the reconstruction after the first world war, people faced difficult life situations. |
| Anna looks fresh. Because she always eats fruits and vegetables. |
diawali subordinate conjunctionSentence fragment tsb berupa dependent clause (mengandung subject dan verb namun maknanya menggantung karena diawali oleh subordinate conjunction.) Revisi:Anna looks fresh because she always eats fruits and vegetables. |
Note:
Berbeda dengan sentence fragment, elliptical construction dianggap sebagai konstruksi yang lengkap meskipun ada bagian yang dihilangkan. Bagian tersebut dianggap sudah dimengerti. Elliptical construction dapat terjadi antara lain pada adjective clause dan adverbial clause pada complex sentence dan imperative sentence.
Related Posts:
- Reduced Adverbial Clause
- Comparative Clause
- Yes-No Question Past Perfect Tense
- Yes-No Question Present Continuous Tense
- Yes-No Question Present Perfect Tense
- Yes-No Question Simple Present Tense
- Yes-No Question Simple Past Tense
- Understood Subject (You)
- Predicate Nominative
- Direct Question
References:
- Sentence Fragments. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/fragments.htm. Accessed on March 19, 2013.
- Sentence Fragments. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/620/1/. Accessed on March 19, 2013.
- Grammar Handbook: Sentence Fragments. http://www.cws.illinois.edu/workshop/writers/sentencefragments/. Accessed on March 19, 2013.
- Sentence Fragments. http://www.esc.edu/online-writing-center/resources/grammar/sentence-fragments/. Accessed on February 3, 2013.
- Fragments and Run-ons. http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/fragments-and-run-ons/. Accessed on February 3, 2013.