Determiner (Pre, Central, Post): Pengertian dan Urutannya

Pengertian Determiner

Determiner adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang ditempatkan di depan noun untuk membatasi makna noun tersebut. Di traditional grammar, determiner sering disebut limiting adjective, walaupun berbeda maknanya dengan adjective biasa. Jika sama-sama berada di dalam noun phrase, limiting adjective akan berada di depan adjective biasa.

Determiner terdiri dari:

General dan Specific Determiner

Berada di depan suatu noun, determiner menentukkan apakah noun phrase yang dibentuknya bersifat general atau specific. General noun phrase dapat dibentuk dari general determiner, sedangkan specific noun phrase dari specific determiner.

General Determiner

indefinite article (a atau an): membicarakan suatu hal secara umum dimana pendengar/pembaca tidak tau pasti yang mana yang dimaksudkan
He is looking for a job in Bali.
(Dia sedang mencari pekerjaan di Bali.)
quantifier (many, few, little, some, any): menyatakan jumlah
Please give me a little water.
(Tolong beri saya sedikit air.)
distributive (all, every, both)
All your books are on the table.
(Semua bukumu di atas meja.)
difference word (other, another): membicarakan tambahan orang, benda,
atau hal

May I have another shoes?
(Bolehkah saya mendapatkan sepatu yang lain?)

General determiner mungkin dipadukan dengan singular/plural countable noun atau uncountable noun dengan rumus sebagai berikut.

general determiner + singular countable noun

a, an (indefinite articles)
a book, an apple
another (difference word)
another man
any, no (quantifier)
any report, no journey
each, every, neither (distributive)
each pair, every student, neither spoon (nor fork)

general determiner + plural countable noun

all, both (distributive)
all books, several minutes
some, any, no, many, few, several (quantifier)
some people, any new books, no jobs, many clothes, few activities
other (difference word)
other tasks
enough, more, most
enough dollars, more tips, most batteries

determiner + uncountable noun

all (distributive)
all furniture
some, any, no, little, less, much (quantifier)
some paper, any time, no money, little information, less sugar, much coffee
more, most, enough
more advice, most cheese, enough money

Specific Determiner

definite article (the): membicarakan noun yang diyakini pembaca/pendengar paham yang dimaksudkan
Did he enjoy the show?
(Apa dia menikmati pertunjukkan tersebut?)
demonstrative adjective (this, that, these, those): menerangkan noun dalam hal jarak dan/atau jumlah
Those apples are so red.
(Apel-apel itu sangat merah.)
possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, its, our, dan their): menunjukkan kepemilikan
Your jacket is in the laundry basket.
(Jaketmu di dalam keranjang cucian.)

The Ordering of Determiners

Noun bisa di ikuti lebih dari satu determiner atau tidak sama sekali. Berdasarkan posisinya terhadap noun, kata ini dibedakan menjadi tiga class, yakni: predeterminer, central determiner, dan post determiner.

Class tersebut mengikuti urutan tertentu yang disebut the ordering of determiners.

+/- predeterminer +/- central determiner +/- post determiner + noun

Predeterminer antara lain: multiplier, fraction, distributive, dan exclamative; central determiner antara lain: article, possessive, dan demonstrative; dan post determiner antara lain: number dan quantifier.

Predeterminer

Predeterminer ditempatkan mendahului determiner lainnya. Determiner ini umumnya menyatakan proporsi dari suatu noun yang mengikutinya. Predeterminer antara lain multiplier, fraction, distributive dan exclamative. Berikut kombinasi predeterminer dengan/tanpa determiner lain dan noun (membentuk noun phrase).

multiplier + article / possessive + plural countable noun / mass noun

double the books
three times the bottles
twice the money
four times my salary

fraction + article / possessive + noun

one-third the width
two-thirds my salary
two-fifths the width

all/both (distributive) + article / possessive+ plural countable noun / uncountable noun

all the women
all the time
both her houses

half (distributive) + article / possessive + noun

half the price
half that task
half these books
half the information
half my furniture

what (exclamative) + article + noun

what a big surprise
what a beautiful view

such (exclamative) + a / zero article + noun

such a fool

Central Determiner

Central Determiner ditempatkan diantara
pre dan post determiner. Kata ini terdiri dari article, possessive, dan demonstrative dengan detail dan contoh sebagai berikut.

the (article) + noun

all the people
half the width
four times the width

a/an (article) + singular countable noun

what a big surprise
such an honour

possessive + noun

two-third his salary
all her salary
three times my salary

this / that (demonstrative) + uncountable / singular countable noun

all that luggage
one-third my age

these / those (demonstrative) + plural countable noun

all these books
all those deer

Post Determiner

Post Determiner diletakkan setelah predeterminer dengan/tanpa central determiner setelahnya. Kata ini antara lain number dan quantifier.

cardinal number / ordinal number / general ordinal + noun

the three men
the ten dollars
the first class
the fourth floor
the next chapter
the last moment
my previous experience
his subsequent trip

quantifier + noun

the few women

Lihat juga:

Noun Phrase

References:

oxforddictionaries.com. Accessed on May 29, 2014.
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org. Accessed on June 3, 2014.
grammar.about.com. Accessed on May 29, 2014.
ucl.ac.uk. Accessed on June 2, 2014.
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adjectives-determiners.htm. Accessed on May 29, 2014.
Predeterminer. grammar.about.com. Accessed on June 3, 2014.
ucl.ac.uk. Accessed on June 4, 2014.
Predeterminer. oxforddictionaries.com. Accessed on June 3, 2014.
Such. macmillandictionary.com. Accessed on June 3, 2014.