Pengertian Finite Verb

Verb (kata kerja) dapat dikelompokkan menjadi finite dan non-finite. Finite verb adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang dipengaruhi tense (present atau past) dan agreement (persesuaian) dengan subject dalam hal person (first/second/third) dan number (singular/plural).

Di dalam suatu kalimat finite verb dapat berdiri sendiri sebagai main verb (kata kerja utama).

Contoh Finite Verb:

Agreement		Contoh Finite Verb
Tense	present	Julia swims.
	past	Julia swam.
Person	first	I swim.
	second	We swim.
	third	She swims.
Number	singular	Andi swims.
	plural	Andi and I swim.

Tipe Finite Verb

Kelompok kata kerja yang merupakan finite verb yaitu:

• transitive dan intransitive verb
• action dan non-action verb (stative verb)
• linking verb
• auxiliary verb

Berikut penjelasan dan contohnya.

1. Transitive dan Intransitive Verb

Berdasarkan ada atau tidaknya direct object, finite verb dapat dibedakan menjadi transitive dan intransitive verb. Transitive verb diikuti direct object, sementara intransitive verb tidak.

Contoh Finite Verb:

1	The worker operates this machine. (Pekerja tersebut mengoperasikan mesin ini.) transitive verb
2	I eat organic rice. (Saya makan beras organik.) transitive verb
3	Our teacher always comes on time. (Guru kami selalu datang tepat waktu.) intransitive verb
4	Many visitors sit on the fence. (Banyak pengunjung duduk di pagar.) intransitive verb

2. Action dan Non-Action Verb (Stative Verb)

Berdasarkan ada atau tidaknya aksi, finite verb dapat dibedakan menjadi action dan stative verb. Action verb untuk menyatakan aksi aksi atau sesuatu yang terjadi, sedangkan stative verb untuk menyatakan kondisi yang cenderung tetap.

action verb activities: eat, listen, play, walk, work process: change, grow, melt, shorten, widen momentary actions: hit, jump, knock

stative verb emotion: appreciate, love, hate, like, dislike mental states: agree, know, remember, think, understand sense or appearance: hear, see, smell, sound, taste, appear, seem need and preference: desire, need, prefer, want, wish possession: belong, have, own, possess measurement: cost, owe, weigh

Contoh Finite Verb:

1	Sunflowers grow fast. (Bunga matahari tumbuh dengan cepat.) action verb
2	The athlete jumped when his coach blew the whistle. (Atlit tersebut melompat ketika pelatihnya meniup peluit.) action verb
3	This cheese cake tastes good. (Kue keju ini rasanya enak.) stative verb
4	I love Mondays. (Saya suka hari senin.) stative verb

3. Linking Verb

Linking Verb merupakan kata kerja yang berfungsi untuk menghubungkan subject dengan informasi atau deskripsinya. Kata kerja yang merupakan linking verb yaitu:

• verb of being (am, is, are, was, were, act, appear, be, become, continue, grow, prove, remain, seem, turn)
• verb of sensation (feel, look, smell, sound, taste)

Contoh Finite Verb:

1	Mr. Mamat is a headmaster. (Pak Mamat adalah seorang kepala sekolah.)
2	My clothes smell musty right after a washing. (Pakaian saya berbau apak segera setelah pencucian.)

4. Auxiliary Verb

Auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja yang muncul sebelum main verb untuk memodifikasi makna main verb tersebut. Contohnya antara lain: am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, may, might, can, could, has, have, had, will, would.

Contoh Finite Verb:

1	He is working. (Dia sedang bekerja.) working = main verb
2	You may forget the embarassing incident tomorrow. (Kamu mungkin melupakan insiden memalukan itu besok.) main verb = forget

Related Posts:

• Daftar Common Verbs (Kata Kerja Bahasa Inggris)
• Ergative Verb
• Performative Verb
• Impersonal Verb
• Reflexive Verb
• Delexical Verb
• Ditransitive Verbs
• Factitive Verb
• Verb (Kata Kerja Bahasa Inggris)
• Regular Verbs (Kata Kerja Beraturan)

References:

1. Finite and non-finite clauses. http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~gawron/syntax/lectures/new_lec6.htm. Accessed on December 18, 2012.
2. Types and Qualities of Finite Verbs. http://www.nvcc.edu/home/rorkwis/verbals/verbals/verbtypes.htm. Accessed on December 18, 2012.
3. Verb Primer. http://web.pdx.edu/~dbls/Verbprimer.htm. Accessed on December 18, 2012.
4. Finiteness in English. http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook/box-finiteness.html. Accessed on December 18, 2012.
5. Verbs and Verbals. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/verbs.htm#finite. Accessed on December 18, 2012.