Pengertian Action dan Stative Verb
Verb (kata kerja) dalam Bahasa Inggris dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua, yaitu: action verb dan stative verb. Action verb atau dynamic verb adalah kata kerja untuk menyatakan bahwa subject sedang melakukan suatu aksi atau untuk menyatakan bahwa sesuatu terjadi.Kebalikan action verb, yaitu stative verb atau non-action verb, adalah kata kerja yang tidak untuk menyatakan aksi melainkan untuk menyatakan kondisi yang tidak berubah atau cenderung tidak berubah.
Perbedaan paling mendasar diantara keduanya adalah stative verb normalnya tidak memiliki bentuk continuous atau progressive (-ing form).
Action Verb
Kata-kata kerja yang tergolong action verb antara lain yang menyatakan activity (aktivitas), process (proses), dan momentary action (aksi berdurasi pendek). Action verb memiliki bentuk progressive/continuous, dan tentu saja bentuk simple dan perfect. Beberapa contoh action verb sebagai berikut.
action verb
- activities: eat, listen, play, walk, work
- process: change, grow, melt, shorten, widen
- momentary actions: hit, jump, knock
Contoh Kalimat Action Verb
- He plays badminton every Sunday morning.
(Dia bermain badminton setiap Minggu pagi.) - They are playing badminton at the stadium.
(Mereka sedang bermain badminton di stadion.) - Sunflowers grow fast.
(Bunga matahari tumbuh dengan cepat.) - The food company is growing fast.
(Perusahan makanan tersebut berkembang cepat.) - The athlete jumps when his coach blows the whistle.
(Atlit tersebut melompat ketika pelatihnya meniup peluit.) [hanya sekali melompat] - The athlete is jumping on the trampolin.
(Atlit tersebut melompat-lompat di atas trampolin.) [melompat berkali-kali]
Stative Verb
Kata kerja yang tergolong stative atau non – action verb antara lain yang menyatakan
- perception/cognition (merujuk pada hal-hal dalam pikiran)
- relation (mendeskripsikan hubungan antara hal-hal)
Berikut beberapa contoh stative verb.
stative verb
- perception/cognition: adore, believe, desire, detest, dislike, feel, forgive, guess, hate, hear, imagine, impress, intend, know, like, love, mean, mind, perceive, prefer, realize, recall, recognize, regard, remember, satisfy, see, smell, suppose, taste, think, understand, want, wish
- relation: be, belong to, concern, consist of, contain, cost, depend on, deserve, equal, fit, have, include, involve, matter, need, owe, own, possess, require, resemble, seem, sound
Contoh Kalimat Stative Verb
- I love Mondays.
(Saya suka hari senin.) - We agree that the product is too expensive.
(Kami sepakat bahwa produk tersebut terlalu mahal.) - This cheese cake tastes great.
(Kue keju ini rasanya enak.) - I prefer mangoes to oranges.
(Saya lebih suka mangga daripada jeruk.) - The man owns two luxury houses in Bandung.
(Lelaki tersebut memiliki dua rumah mewah di Bandung.) - You owe me a cup of coffee.
(Kamu berhutang pada saya secangkir kopi.)
Stative Verb dengan Bentuk Progressive
Berdasarkan general rule memang stative verb tidak memiliki bentuk progressive. Pada kenyataannya ada beberapa stative verb yang melanggar aturan umum tersebut. Namun ketika kata kerja tersebut menggunakan bentuk progressive, makna kalimat menjadi berbeda. Stative verb tersebut antara lain: appear, feel, have, is, look, see, smell, think, taste, dan weigh.
Contoh Kalimat Stative Verb “Normal” dan Progressive
- The children appear happy.
(Anak-anak tersebut tampak bahagia.) appear = perception - He is appearing under the stage name Woody.
(Dia tampil dengan nama panggung Woody.) appearing= action - She feels empty.
(Dia merasa hampa.) feel = perception - She is feeling the fabric.
(Dia menyentuh bahan kain tersebut.) feeling = touching (action) - They have a leisure time.
(Mereka memiliki waktu luang) have = possession - They are having a leisure time.
They are having breakfast. having secara sederhana merupakan versi progressive-nya - He is a lazy man.
(Dia adalah seorang pria pemalas.) is = state (condition) - He is being lazy.
(Dia sedang malas.) being = behaving (action), bersifat temporer - She looks sad.
(Dia terlihat sedih.) look = perception - She is looking for her sandals.
(Dia sedang mencari sendalnya.) looking = action - I see your brother.
(Saya melihat saudaramu.) see = perception - She’s seeing your brother.
(Saya mengencani saudaramu.) seeing = dating (action) - He is seeing a psychologist.
(Dia mendatangi seorang psikolog.) seeing = visiting, consulting (action) - Your socks smell bad.
(Kaus kakimu bau) smell = perception - He‘s smelling the coffee.
(Dia sedang membaui kopi). smelling = action - I think I will buy the product license.
(Saya pikir saya akan membeli lisensi produk tersebut.) think = opinion - I‘m thinking about buying the product license.
(≈I have been thinking about … recently.) thinking = considering (action) - This noodle tastes delicious.
(Mie ini terasa lezat.) taste = perception - The chef is tasting the soup.
(Koki sedang mencicipi sup.) tasting = action - That woman weighs over 200 pounds.
(Wanita itu berberat lebih dari 200 pon.) weigh = state (condition) - That woman is weighing the eggs.
(Wanita itu sedang menimbang telur-telur.) weighing = action
8 Contoh Soal Action – Stative Verb
Tentukan apakah kata yang di garis bawah merupakan action atau stative verb dengan mengetik a atau b.
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I really appreciate our friendship.
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
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Phones don't belong in our school.
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
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The physician didn't listen to me.
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
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Are they widening the road?
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
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I desire to meet him once again.
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
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Do you remember where we parked the car?
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
-
She never knocks before entering my room.
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
-
The argument might sound silly.
- action verb
- stative verb
Your answer:
Javascript diperlukan untuk menjalankan quiz ini.
- Transitive dan Intransitive Verb: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat
- Reflexive Verb: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
- Delexical Verb: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
- Irregular Verb (Tidak Beraturan): Pengertian, Contoh Kalimat, dan Soal
- Impersonal Verb: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
References:
- Agree. learnersdictionary.com. Accessed on March 5, 2019.
- Progressive, Stative and Dynamic Verbs. guidetogrammar.org. Accessed on March 15, 2019.
- Action VS. Non-Action English Verbs. cisl.edu. Accessed on December 16, 2012.
- Dynamic Verbs. http://grammar.about.com/od/d/g/dynamicverbterm.htm. Accessed on December 16, 2012.
- Common Non-action Verbs (Stative). imperial.edu. Accessed on December 16, 2012.
- cisl.edu. Accessed on December 17, 2012.
- Non-Action Verbs. www2.bakersfieldcollege.edu. Accessed on December 17, 2012.
- Non-progressive verbs. mpc.edu. Accessed on December 17, 2012.
- Nonprogressive Verbs or Nonaction Verbs. faculty.mdc.edu. Accessed on December 17, 2012.
- learnenglish.britishcouncil.org. Accessed on July 11, 2016.
- Belong. dictionary.cambridge.org. Accessed on July 11, 2016.
It can help my students anyway. Thank you.
My pleasure 😀