Soal Conjunction

Pengertian Conjunctive Adverb

Conjunctive adverb adalah adverb (kata keterangan) atau adverbial phrase yang dapat menghubungkan dengan logis dua independent clause yang berurutan.Kata atau frasa bahasa Inggris ini disebut juga adverbial conjunction, conjunct, transitional conjunction, connecting adverb, atau cohesive conjunction.

Lihat juga:

• Coordinate Conjunction
• Correlative Conjunction
• Subordinate Conjunction
• Sentence Adverb

Macam Conjunctive Adverb dan Posisinya di dalam Kalimat

Conjunctive adverb ditambahkan untuk menghubungkan dua independent clause secara logis.

Hubungan yang dibangun antara lain:

• addition (penambahan)
• contrast (pertentangan)
• result / cause-effect (hasil / sebab-akibat)
• time / time sequence (waktu / tahapan waktu)

Berikut beberapa contoh conjunctive adverb.

1. Addition (Penambahan)
   • also
   • besides
   • furthermore
   • moreover
2. Contrast (Pertentangan)
   • however
   • in spite of
   • nonetheless
   • nevertheless
   • instead
   • nevertheless
   • on the other hand
   • still

   Result / Cause and Effect (Hasil)

   • accordingly
   • as a result
   • consequently
   • hence
   • so
   • therefore
   • thus

   Time (Waktu)

   • afterward
   • at last
   • at the same time
   • meanwhile
   • finally
   • in the meantime
   • then
   • next

Dua independent clause yang berurutan dipisahkan dengan tanda baca period (titik), semicolon (titik koma), atau coordinate conjunction seperti and dan but.

Posisi conjunctive adverb dapat berada di awal, tengah, atau akhir independent clause kedua. Ketika berada di awal clause, adverb ini biasanya diikuti comma (koma), sedangkan ketika berada di tengah kalimat adverb ini ditempatkan di antara subject dan main verb, serta diapit comma. Berikut beberapa formulasi yang mungkin.

1. Awal

   Formulasi

   • Independent clause₁. Conjunctive adverb +/- , + independent clause₂.
   • Independent clause₁; conjunctive adverb +/- , + independent clause₂.
   • Independent clause₁ +/- , + coordinate conjunction + conjunctive adverb + independent clause₂.

   Contoh Kalimat

   • I’m not really hungry. However, I want some ice cream. / I’m not really hungry; however, I want some ice cream.(Saya tidak benar-benar lapar. Meskipun demikian, saya ingin es krim.)
   • It was a difficult and boring task, but nevertheless she managed to finish on time.
     (Itu merupakan tugas yang sulit dan membosankan, tapi dia berhasil menyelesaikannya tepat waktu meskipun demikian.)

2. Tengah

   Formulasi

   Independent Clause. S +/- auxiliary verb, conjunctive adverb, main verb +/- …

   Contoh Kalimat

   I’m hungry. I don’t, however, know what to eat.
   (Saya lapar. Meskipun demikian saya tidak apa yang harus dimakan.)

3. Akhir

   Formulasi

   • Independent clause₁. Independent clause₂ +/- , + conjunctive adverb.
   • Independent clause₁, coordinate conjunction + Independent clause₂ +/- , + conjunctive adverb.

   Contoh Kalimat

   • I’m really hungry. I don’t know what to eat, however.
   • It was a difficult and boring task. She managed to finish on time nevertheless.

Lebih Banyak Contoh Kalimat Conjunctive Adverb

1. Tia was my classmate at school; also, she was my neighbor.
   (Tia adalah teman sekelas saya di sekolah. Selain itu dia juga dulu tetangga saya.) addition
2. He works as a journalist in London. Besides, he writes children’s books.
   (Dia bekerja sebagai seorang jurnalis di London, dia juga menulis buku-buka anak-anak.) addition
3. Both gold and green kiwifruits are widely cultivated in New Zealand; furthermore, they’re distributed to our country.
   (Baik kiwi emas maupun hijau dibudidayakan secara luas di New Zealand. Tambahan lagi, mereka didistribusikan ke negara kita.) addition
4. I was up all night and therefore I fell asleep at my desk.
   (Saya terjaga sepanjang malam. Karena itu saya tertidur di meja.) result
5. He was rich and famous. Happiness, however, isn’t something he felt often.
   (Dia kaya dan terkenal. Meskipun demikian kebahagiaan bukan sesuatu yang sering dia rasakan.) contrast
6. The client is coming in one hour. Meanwhile, let’s prepare our meeting room.
   (Klien akan datang dalam satu jam. Sementara itu mari kita persiapkan ruang pertemuan.) time
7. Slice onion, garlic, and chili. Then, stir-fry them on a non-stick pan.
   (Iris bawang merah, bawang putih, dan cabai. Selanjutnya tumis di panci anti lengket.) time

Soal Conjunction

Lihat juga:

• Subordinate Conjunction: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat
• Eventually (Adverb): Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
• Coordinate Conjunction: Penjelasan dan Contoh Soal
• Correlative Conjunction: Pengertian, Contoh Kalimat, dan Soal

References:

1. Conjunctions. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conjunctions.htm. Accessed on October 26, 2018.
2. Conjunctions. http://www.virtualsalt.com/conjunct.htm. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
3. Conjunctive Adverbs. https://www.thoughtco.com/conjunctive-adverb-grammar-1689909. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
4. Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adverbs. http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/stonebrink/ESL032/conjunction2/conjunction2.html. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
5. Meaning of “nevertheless” in the English Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/nevertheless. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
6. Meaning of “however” in the English Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/however. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
7. Definition of nevertheless adverb from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/nevertheless. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
8. Nevertheless. http://learnersdictionary.com/qa/Nevertheless. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
9. Conjunctive adverbs. https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/conjunctions/conjunctive-adverbs/. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
10. Definition of therefore adverb from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/therefore. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
11. Hence. http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/hence. Accessed on October 27, 2018.
12. Meaning of “hence” in the English Dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hence. Accessed on October 27, 2018.

Related Posts:

• Subordinate Conjunction: Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat
• Eventually (Adverb): Pengertian dan Contoh Kalimat Bahasa Inggris
• Coordinate Conjunction: Penjelasan dan Contoh Soal
• Correlative Conjunction: Pengertian, Contoh Kalimat, dan Soal